Biodiversity of Microorganisms Colonizing the Surface of Polystyrene Samples Exposed to Different Aqueous Environments

Date of publication 22 June 2020

Authors Tourova, Tatyana; Sokolova, Diyana; Nazina, Tamara; Grouzdev, Denis; Kurshev, Eugeni; Laptev, Anatoly.

Sources Sustainability : 12 (DocId: 9) 3624 (2020).

DOILink https://doi.org/10.3390/su12093624

Abstract

The contamination of marine and freshwater ecosystems with the items from thermoplastics, including polystyrene (PS), necessitates the search for efficient microbial degraders of these polymers. In the present study, the composition of prokaryotes in biofilms formed on PS samples incubated in seawater and the industrial water of a petrochemical plant were investigated. Using a high-throughput sequencing of the V3-V4 region of the 16S rRNA gene, the predominance of Alphaproteobacteria (Blastomonas), Bacteroidetes (Chryseolinea), and Gammaproteobacteria (Arenimonas and Pseudomonas) in the biofilms on PS samples exposed to industrial water was revealed. Alphaproteobacteria (Erythrobacter) predominated on seawater-incubated PS samples. The local degradation of the PS samples was confirmed by scanning microscopy. The PS-colonizing microbial communities in industrial water differed significantly from the PS communities in seawater. Both communities have a high potential ability to carry out the carbohydrates and amino acids metabolism, but the potential for xenobiotic degradation, including styrene degradation, was relatively higher in the biofilms in industrial water. Bacteria of the genera Erythrobacter, Maribacter, and Mycobacterium were potential styrene-degraders in seawater, and Pseudomonas and Arenimonas in industrial water. Our results suggest that marine and industrial waters contain microbial populations potentially capable of degrading PS, and these populations may be used for the isolation of efficient PS degraders.

TSC Opinion

L’étude de la plastiphère, constituée par tous les microorganismes qui se fixent sur les débris plastiques, apporte sa contribution à la recherche de bactéries pouvant les dégrader. Les familles de bactéries sont différentes lorsque les débris sont immergés dans des eaux industrielles ou dans l’eau de mer, mais elles possèdent en commun la propriété de dégrader le polymère. En milieu naturel, cette dégradation est plutôt lente car le plastique n’apporte qu’une source de carbone organique et ce dernier est déjà très présent dans la matière organique dissoute dans les eaux qui est beaucoup plus facile à dégrader. Pour augmenter cette cinétique, des cultures spécifiques devront être réalisées avec un milieu où seul le plastique apporte le carbone organique.

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